The ARRL Letter
April 30, 2020
* Emergency Ventilator Designed and Constructed by Hams Going to FDA
* ARISS Experiments with School Contacts Using "Multipoint
Telebridge" Approach
* Resolving Sunspot Number Confusion
* ARRL Podcasts Schedule
* The K7RA Solar Update
* Just Ahead in Radiosport
* Radio Amateur Finds Another "Zombie Satellite"
* Frequency Measuring Test Results Posted
* Hams in India Provide Communication Assistance during COVID-19
Pandemic
* Garmin Seeks FCC Ruling or Waiver to Obtain Certification for Part
95/Part 25 Device
* RSGB Aims to Promote Health and Well-Being within the Amateur Radio
Community
* Announcements
* Getting It Right
* Upcoming ARRL Section, State, and Division Conventions
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COVID-19 Impact & News
Find the latest news and information on the impact of the coronavirus
pandemic to ARRL members and our global amateur radio community.
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Emergency Ventilator Designed and Constructed by Hams Going to FDA
Radio amateurs have succeeded in providing a complete, working
ventilator system to University of Florida researchers who are in the
process of applying to the Food and Drug ministration for an
Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). A successful submission would blaze
the way for volunteers and manufacturers around the world to create
low-cost, highly functional Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or
anesthesia-care ventilators that offer many of the features of modern
Airway components of the emergency
ventilator. [Photo courtesy of
Gordon Gibby, KX4Z]
ventilators at a fraction of the typical cost. Dr. Gordon Gibby, KX4Z,
who is associated with the project, said efforts to further improve the
device are ongoing.
"We made a stunning improvement in accuracy of the system and measuring
volumes last night at about 1 AM," he told ARRL. "Accuracy of that
particular alarm measurement went from about 300%, down to about 10%.
The FDA submission is being readied, but we keep making engineering
improvements."
Gibby credited some of the primary volunteers. "Bob Benedict, KD8CGH,
has provided incredible volunteer testing, now exceeding 1.6 million
cycles on one crucial valve and 300,000 on another. Jack Purdum, W8TEE,
is the main 'code-cleaner' for one of multiple teams building software,
following the initial lead of Marcelo Varanda, VA3MVV. Ashhar Farhan,
VU2ESE, not only created the ventilator controller schematic but the
printed circuit board layout that will be part of an expected
University of Florida submission." Farhan was among the founding code
writers of what we now know as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP).
Other hams worked on mechanical designs for flow measurements and
retooled potential manufacturing capabilities otherwise used to produce
transceivers. In another example of ham radio ingenuity, Marc
Winzenried, WA9ZCO, modified a readily available lawn sprinkler to
serve as a durable expiratory valve. This development enabled the
ventilator to go more than 1 million breaths before significant valve
issues developed, and the part can be replaced for less than $15.
The ventilator controller circuit
board, designed by Michael
Stapleton, WD4LHT. [Courtesy of
Gordon Gibby, KX4Z]
The completed prototype in Florida was built using typical tools by a
radio amateur, and assembled boards provided by LifeMech, a
manufacturer working with the project. Farhan crafted an extendable
menu structure for the Arduino Nano-based controller, and gas-flow
measurements are made every few milliseconds by an I2C-based
differential pressure transducer that can measure down to tiny PSI
fractions, allowing the design to accurately track patient-induced
variations in the volume of delivered gasses.
"Using Wenzenried's expiratory valve, electronic on-off control at the
rate of 30 Hz allows modulation of the valve to set the continuous
airway pressure used to keep the patient's lung alveoli open against
virus-induced water-logging of the connective tissue," Gibby explained.
"Perhaps the most surprising development was the addition of the
ability to sense patient effort to take a breath and immediately switch
to assisting the patient with that breath, known as 'assist-control'
ventilation," Gibby said. "This is expected to allow far lighter
sedation of patients -- potentially even no sedation." Read more.
ARISS Experiments with School Contacts Using "Multipoint Telebridge"
Approach
Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) is hoping to
adopt a concept it's calling the "multipoint telebridge contact via
amateur radio" that will allow stay-at-home students to take part in
amateur radio contacts with members of the space station crew. Its
initial success on an April 30 contact with youngsters in Northern
Virginia should provide some impetus for the initiative.
ARISS has used telebridge stations in the past to enable contacts at
times when the ISS orbit does not pass overhead to permit a direct
radio contact with the school or other location. In a conventional
ARISS telebridge contact, an amateur station ground station in a
favorable location for an ISS pass on the scheduled day makes the
contact and handles two-way audio between the station and the contact
site. ARISS said its new multipoint telebridge approach permits
simultaneous reception by families, school faculty, and the public.
"During the last several weeks, efforts to contain the spread of the
COVID-19 virus have resulted in massive school closures worldwide,"
ARISS said this week in a news release. "In addition, the stay-at-home
policies invoked by authorities initially shut down opportunities for
ARISS school contacts for the near future."
The April 30 event involved 5-to-10-year old pupils. Fred Kemmerer,
AB1OC, in Hollis, New Hampshire, who served as the telebridge ground
station, linked with a ISS crew member via radio. Homebound students
and their teacher were able to take part individually via the
telebridge network. Under the teacher's direction, each at-home student
was to take a turn to ask the astronaut one question on a prepared
list, although unrelated technical issues aboard the ISS curtailed the
contact.
"This approach is a huge pivot for ARISS, but we feel it is a great
strategic move," said ARISS-International Chair Frank Bauer, KA3HDO.
"In these times of isolation due to the virus, these ARISS connections
provide a fantastic psychological boost to students, families,
educators, and the public. And they continue our longstanding efforts
to inspire, engage, and educate students in STEAM [science, technology,
engineering, the arts, and mathematics] subjects and encourage them to
pursue STEAM careers." -- Thanks to ARISS
Resolving Sunspot Number Confusion
Recently, well-known contester and DXer Frank Donovan, W3LPL, reviewed
NOAA's official updated solar cycle prediction. Noted propagation
authority Carl Luetzelschwab, K9LA, followed up.
In his discussion, Donovan commented that the International Sunspot
Number is typically about one-third lower than the Space Weather
Prediction Center (SWPC) sunspot number. There's a good reason for this
discrepancy, and it should be resolved in the near future. Let's look
at how we got into this confusing situation, and what the solution is.
The Space Weather Prediction Center.
We have sunspot records back to Solar Cycle 1 (and even earlier). The
official sunspot number originally came out of Zurich, but now
originates from the Royal Observatory of Belgium. In 1848, Rudolf Wolf
devised the equation for the sunspot number. It involves the number of
sunspot groups, the total number of individual spots in all the groups,
and a variable scale factor. We were happy with this until 2011, when
the first of four workshops were held to review the sunspot data due to
concerns that the scale factor may have been skewing the data. The
result of the four workshops was an entirely new sunspot record.
The biggest difference is the scale factor of 0.6 that had been used
and is no longer considered valid, based on corroborating data. This
change raised the revised (Version 2.0) data over the former (Version
1.0) data by 1/0.6. The Royal Observatory of Belgium started reporting
Version 2.0 sunspot numbers on July 1, 2015. Keep in mind that the V2.0
record all the way back to Cycle 1 changed, too). Now, if we go to the
Table of Recent Solar Indices (Preliminary) of Observed Monthly Mean
Values' in the data tab, we'll see the following SWPC predictions.
Columns 1 and 2 are the year and month. Columns 3, 4, and 5 are the
monthly mean sunspot numbers per Space Weather Operations (with the
SWPC), per the Royal Observatory of Belgium (RI is also known as the
International Sunspot Number), and the ratio between the two. Columns 6
and 7 are the smoothed sunspot numbers per SWO and per the Royal
Observatory of Belgium (RI). Note that the [IMG]smoothed sunspot
numbers are 6 months behind the monthly mean sunspot numbers. That's
because of how the smoothed sunspot number is determined.
So, the discrepancy that W3LPL talked about is between the SWO values
and the RI values; the SWO group never applied the 0.6 scale factor to
its sunspot count, and thus the SWO values are essentially the Royal
Observatory of Belgium Version 2.0 data. The RI values reported by SWO
are the Royal Observatory of Belgium Version 1.0 data. In the graph,
the V1.0 data is in blue and the V2.0 data is in orange. The SWO data
(in gray) indeed follows the V2.0 data, and the RI data, in yellow,
follows the V1.0 data.
To resolve this discrepancy going forward, SWO plans to change RI to
V2.0 data at solar minimum, when the V1.0 data should be equal, or
extremely close, to the V2.0 data. So, the SWO data, for all intents
and purposes, will be equal to the RI data. That should resolve the
confusion with sunspot numbers, except for the fact that our old
sunspot numbers, to which our propagation predictions were correlated,
now are deemed incorrect. -- Carl Luetzelschwab, K9LA
ARRL Podcasts Schedule
The latest episode of the On the Air podcast (Episode 4) focuses how to
create a family emergency communications plan and includes an interview
with Dino Papas, KL0S, about attaching coaxial connectors with crimping
tools.
The latest episode of the Eclectic Tech podcast (Episode 6) includes an
interview with ARRL Assistant Laboratory Manager Bob Allison, WB1GCM,
about key clicks and a discussion with NCJ editor Scott Wright, K0MD,
about artificial intelligence software and amateur radio.
The On the Air and Eclectic Tech podcasts are sponsored by Icom. Both
podcasts are available on iTunes (iOS) and Stitcher (Android) as well
as on Blubrry -- On the Air | Eclectic Tech.
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The K7RA Solar Update
Tad Cook, K7RA, Seattle, reports: Several sunspots put in appearances
this week. Sunspot numbers on April 25 - 29 were 11, 14, 12, 0, and 24,
for a weekly average of 8.7. Average daily solar flux barely moved --
from 69 to 69.2.
Geomagnetic activity remains quiet, with average daily planetary A
index declining from 7.3 to 5.6.
Predicted solar flux is 70 on April 30 - May 6; 69 on May 7 - 16; 70 on
May 17 - 31; 69 on June 1 - 12, and 70 on June 13.
Predicted planetary A index is 8 on April 30 - May 2; 5 on May 3 - 17;
10 and 8 on May 18 - 19; 5 on May 20 - 23; 8 on May 24 - 27; 5 on May
28 - 31; 12 on June 1, and 5 on June 2 - 13.
Sunspot numbers for April 23 - 29 were 0, 0, 11, 14, 12, 0, and 24, for
a mean of 8.7. The 10.7-centimeter flux was 68.7, 69.7, 68.9, 69.2, 69,
69, and 69.9, for a mean of 69.2. Estimated planetary A indices were 4,
8, 5, 6, 7, 6, and 3, with a mean of 5.6. Middle latitude A index was
4, 6, 5, 5, 6, 6, and 4, with a mean of 5.1.
A comprehensive K7RA Solar Update is posted Fridays on the ARRL
website. For more information concerning radio propagation, visit the
ARRL Technical Information Service, read "What the Numbers Mean...,"
and check out K9LA's Propagation Page.
A propagation bulletin archive is available. Monthly charts offer
propagation projections between the US and a dozen DX locations.
Share your reports and observations.
Just Ahead in Radiosport
* May 1 -- AGCW QRP/QRP Party (CW)
* May 2 -- RCC Cup (CW, phone)
* May 2 -- Microwave Spring Sprint (CW, phone)
* May 2 -- FISTS Spring Slow Speed Sprint (CW)
* May 2 - 3 -- 7th Call Area QSO Party (CW, phone)
* May 2 - 3 -- Indiana QSO Party (CW, phone)
* May 2 - 3 -- Delaware QSO Party (CW, phone)
* May 2 - 3 -- New England QSO Party (CW, phone)
* May 2 - 3 -- Araucaria World Wide VHF Contest (CW, phone)
* May 2 - 3 -- 10-10 International Spring Contest (CW)
* May 2 - 3 -- SBMS 2.3 GHz and Up Contest (CW, phone)
* May 2 - 3 -- ARI International DX Contest (CW, phone, digital)
* May 4 -- RSGB 80-Meter Club Championship, SSB
* May 4 - 5 -- MIE 33 Contest (CW, phone)
* May 5 -- ARS Spartan Sprint (CW)
* May 7 -- NRAU 10-Meter Activity Contest (CW, phone)
* May 7 -- SKCC Sprint Europe (CW)
See the ARRL Contest Calendar for more information. For in-depth
reporting on amateur radio contesting, subscribe to The ARRL Contest
Update via your ARRL member profile email preferences.
Radio Amateur Finds Another "Zombie Satellite"
British Columbia radio amateur Scott Tilley, VE7TIL, has found another
"zombie satellite," as he calls them. This time, he tracked and
identified radio signals from the experimental UHF military
communication satellite LES-5. Tilley says he found the satellite in
what he called a geostationary "graveyard" orbit after noting a
modulated carrier on 236.7487 MHz.
"Most zombie satellites are satellites that are no longer under human
control, or have failed to some degree," Tilley told National Public
Radio (NPR) earlier this month. It's not clear whether LES-5 is still
capable of receiving commands.
LES-5 was built by MIT's Lincoln Laboratory and launched in 1967 as
part of the military's Tactical Satellite Communication Program. It was
supposed to shut down in 1972, but it continues to operate as long as
its solar panels are facing the sun.
What intrigued Tilley about LES-5 was that it might be the oldest
functioning geostationary satellite in space. After British Columbia
went on lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Tilley found himself
with a lot of free time for such a search. He located LES-5 on March
24.
LES-5 under construction.
From his home in Roberts Creek, British Columbia, Tilley, an amateur
astronomer, routinely scans the skies for radio signals from classified
objects orbiting Earth. Since he started, he's located dozens of secret
or unlisted satellites.
In 2018, while hunting for an undisclosed US government spacecraft lost
in a launch mishap, he spotted the signature of IMAGE (Imager for
Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration), a NASA spacecraft believed
to have died in December 2005. The discovery delighted space
scientists. NASA and another ham in the UK confirmed his finding.
Launched in 2000 on a mission to monitor space weather, IMAGE mapped
plasma patterns around Earth.
Frequency Measuring Test Results Posted
The results of the spring 2020 Frequency Measuring Test (FMT),
conducted on April 24, have been posted. Coming in at the top of the
list for stations entering readings of both the 40-meter and 80-meter
frequencies was Steve Cerwin, WA5FRF. His average error rate was
0.004902 parts per million (ppm). The Top 10 looked like this, with
average error rates in ppm. Bill De Carle, VE2IQ, has posted a ranked
list of participants who submitted readings for both frequencies.
+-----------------------------------------------------+
|1. |WA5FRF |0.004902 |
|------------+-------------------+--------------------|
|2. |WA2IKL |0.005584 |
|------------+-------------------+--------------------|
|3. |N7WS |0.005636 |
|------------+-------------------+--------------------|
|4. |N9CIF |0.006999 |
|------------+-------------------+--------------------|
|5. |NJ0U |0.007051 |
|------------+-------------------+--------------------|
|6. |N8OBJ |0.007655 |
|------------+-------------------+--------------------|
|7. |AD5MT |0.008415 |
|------------+-------------------+--------------------|
|8. |KB3UMD |0.008415 |
|------------+-------------------+--------------------|
|9. |WB6RJH |0.008492 |
|------------+-------------------+--------------------|
|10 |AB4RS |0.009174 |
+-----------------------------------------------------+
Today's FMTs are conducted completely online, with no manual
log-checking or intervention. Connie Marshall, K5CM, provides Bruce
Horn, WA7BNM, with the precise actual frequencies, participating
individuals submit their measurements, and machines handle the rest.
Ninety-eight radio amateurs took part in the April 2020 FMT. The next
FMT will take place in November.
Taking part in the FMT does not require special laboratory equipment.
Modern HF transceivers can measure frequency quite accurately, and
SDR-based receivers and available software can enable precise frequency
measurements. Today's FMT leaders are able to accurately measure beyond
the number of decimal places (out to five) that a typical transceiver
will display, however.
Some information on how to measure the frequency of a carrier is
available on Marshall's website, as well as in past articles in QST.
Visit the FMT-Nuts discussion group on groups.io. Read more.
Hams in India Provide Communication Assistance during COVID-19 Pandemic
According to a report in The New Indian Express, amateur radio
operators in Kerala have joined the fight against COVID-19. The
newspaper said the district administration has enlisted radio amateurs
to improve important communication between departments and offices.
Over 20 hams, organized into teams, are involved. Radio Amateur Society
of Ananthapuri President Dr. Zakheer Hussain, VU3OOH, said using ham
radio during the time of crisis would help coordinate crucial
communication.
"We have assigned our teams at the district medical office and taluk
[administrative subdivision] offices," Hussain told the paper. "We have
a team at the district administration, which is the center of all
action." He said help lines now in operation receive many calls,
including distress calls. "If anyone is in need of emergency medical
care, we immediately inform the respective taluk office and the
ambulance desk, so that help reaches in time," he said.
The Times of India reports that a radio amateur in West Bengal drove 98
kilometers (61 miles) to deliver medicine to an elderly resident of
Rahara. "We have been providing assistance to people ever since the
lockdown was announced," said Raju Biswas, VU2JFA, the secretary of the
West Bengal Radio Club.
The Telegraph newspaper in India reported an anecdote regarding a
homeless woman who showed up when Swaraj Ghosh, VU3URP, was
distributing food for people on the streets. He contacted Biswas, who,
in turn, got in touch with radio amateurs in the woman's hometown. They
were able to contact her father, who had been looking for her.
Garmin Seeks FCC Ruling or Waiver to Obtain Certification for Part
95/Part 25 Device
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* Origin: Christian Fellowship | cfbbs.no-ip.com 856-933-7096 (1:266/512)
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